Clinical Neuropsychology

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Clinical neuropsychology is a specialty profession that focuses on brain functioning.  A clinical neuropsychologist is a licensed psychologist with expertise in how behavior and skills are related to brain structures and systems. In clinical neuropsychology, brain function is evaluated by objectively assessing memory and thinking skills.  A detailed assessment of abilities is done and the pattern of strengths and weaknesses is used in important health care areas such as diagnosis and treatment planning.  The clinical neuropsychologist conducts the evaluation and makes recommendations regarding intervention and  monitoring of identified, underlying conditions.

NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATIONS  are requested to help understand how different brain systems are working. Most often, patients have experienced symptoms of difficulty with memory, thinking or  psychological  functioning. Your difficulties may be due to a number of medical, neurological, psychological or genetic causes and testing will be helpful in understanding your specific situation. Re-evaluations can help assess changes in symptoms and cognitive functioning over time due to illness, aging and intervention.

The evaluation usually includes a review of medical and other records, an interview of yourself and others who are familiar with your functioning and testing of important areas of cognitive and psychological functioning including:

• general intellectual ability
• verbal reasoning and nonverbal problem solving
• attention and concentration
• psychomotor processing speed
• mental processing speed and efficiency
• learning and memory
• language and visuospatial skills
• motor and sensory functions
• mood and personality
• instrumental activities of daily living

Testing can identify cognitive weaknesses in specific areas and is very sensitive to mild memory and thinking problems. When problems are very mild, testing may be the only way to detect them. For example, testing can help determine whether memory changes are normal age-related changes or if they reflect a neurological disorder. Test results can also help differentiate among illnesses, which is important because appropriate treatment depends on accurate diagnosis. Different illnesses have different "neuropsychological signatures" resulting in different patterns of strengths and weaknesses on testing. Testing can help differentiate among Alzheimer's disease, stroke, depression and other disorders. Your physician will use this information along with the results of other tests, such as brain imaging and blood tests, to come to the most informed diagnosis possible.

Some tests are in a question-answer format and others require paper and pencil responses or use of a computer. Tests are both easy and complex. Your test scores will be compared to scores from people who are like you in important ways to determine if your performances are normal for your age, gender, ethnic  and educational background. Using these methods, your strengths and weaknesses can be identified for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment planning. The time required for your exam depends on the problem being assessed. In most cases, several hours of interview and testing are necessary to assess the many skills necessary for effective information processing. Forensic exams are usually more detailed and often require more time to complete. 

After your evaluation is completed, additional time is spent scoring and analyzing test results and preparing  summary reports. Patients referred in a clinical context will be seen for a follow up appointment to discuss results and recommendations. Feedback is provided for forensic clients after obtaining consent from the referring party.

The most important thing to remember is to always give your best effort. Bring glasses and hearing aids if you use them. Try to rest and relax before your examination. Most people find the testing interesting and are encouraged that a thorough assessment of their functioning has been provided.

It is essential to the disposition of your case that a determination is made as to whether your referral is a clinical vs. forensic matter. Sound ethical and professional practice requires clarification of the nature of referral before services are rendered.

Generally speaking, when referral is made by an employer, insurer, educational institution, IME vendor, licensing board, attorney, or by court order, forensic standards apply since the case has legal or financial ramifications. When a patient is referred by their physician or health care provider for diagnosis and treatment, the context is usually clinical in nature.

Sometimes referral is made by both legal and health care professionals. In such cases, I will make a determination if forensic standards apply before your appointment is scheduled.

 I am a fee for service provider and happy to accept Medicare and other insurance beneficiaries under private contractual agreement. If you will be filing insurance, please check with your carrier about policies for reimbursement for neuropsychological services prior to scheduling an appointment. I will provide the necessary documentation for you to file an insurance claim. 

All services require advance payment of estimated professional fees. I accept most forms of payment including MasterCard, VISA, Discovery, American Express and cash. 

Payments can be made on this site with your credit card or PayPal account by selecting the  Account Services tab. 

My office is located on the first floor of the Liberty Square office complex on the southeast corner of the Flagstaff Medical Center campus.  From the main entrance, my office is the second door on the left. The building is wheelchair accessible.  To make an appointment, please call 928.362.1220 or click the Contact Me tab on this site.